CMake/Tutorials/Packaging

This page documents creation and use of packages that help projects locate each other. These features are distinct from CPack which is meant for creating source and binary distributions and installers.

The find_package command has been enhanced with features to help find packages without the use of "find" modules (FindXXX.cmake files). Projects that are aware of CMake may provide a "package configuration file" inside their installation trees. Naming the file correctly and installing it in a suitable location will allow the find_package command to find it easily.

See also the CMake Package Registry to help find_package find packages in arbitrary locations.

Package Configuration Files

Consider a project "Foo" that installs the following files:

<prefix>/include/foo-1.2/foo.h
<prefix>/lib/foo-1.2/libfoo.a

It may also provide a CMake package configuration file

<prefix>/lib/foo-1.2/foo-config.cmake

with content such as

# ...
# (compute PREFIX relative to file location)
# ...
set(foo_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PREFIX}/include/foo-1.2)
set(foo_LIBRARY ${PREFIX}/lib/foo-1.2/libfoo.a)

If another project wishes to use Foo it need only to locate the foo-config.cmake file and load it to get all the information it needs about package content locations. Since the package configuration file is provided by the package installation it already knows all the file locations.

The find_package command may be used to search for the configuration file:

find_package(Foo)

This command (assuming no FindFoo.cmake module exists) constructs a set of installation prefixes and searches under each prefix in several locations. Given the name "Foo", it looks for a file called "FooConfig.cmake" or "foo-config.cmake". The full set of locations is specified in the find_package command documentation, but one place it looks is

<prefix>/lib/Foo*/

where "Foo*" is a case-insensitive globbing expression. In our example the globbing expression will match "<prefix>/lib/foo-1.2" and the configuration file will be found.

Note: If your project does not already have a <prefix>/lib/Foo*/ directory you may prefer to put the package file in <prefix>/lib/cmake/Foo*/ to keep the lib directory clean. However, CMake 2.6.2 and lower do not search there. CMake 2.6.3 and above do.

Once found, a package configuration file is immediately loaded. It contains all the information the project needs to use the package.

Packaging and Exporting

Package configuration files may also work in conjunction with Exporting and Importing Targets. For example, a project might write

add_library(mylib STATIC mylib.c mylib.h)
install(FILES mylib.h DESTINATION include/myproj)
install(TARGETS mylib EXPORT mylib-targets DESTINATION lib/myproj)
install(EXPORT mylib-targets DESTINATION lib/myproj)
install(FILES myproj-config.cmake DESTINATION lib/myproj)

where myproj-config.cmake contains something like

get_filename_component(SELF_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}" PATH)
include(${SELF_DIR}/mylib-targets.cmake)
get_filename_component(myproj_INCLUDE_DIRS "${SELF_DIR}/../../include/myproj" ABSOLUTE)

After the project is built and installed, an outside project may use it by writing

find_package(myproj REQUIRED)
include_directories(${myproj_INCLUDE_DIRS})
add_executable(myexe myexe.c)
target_link_libraries(myexe mylib)

Package Version Files

The find_package command offers a version request argument. One might write

find_package(Foo 1.2)
find_package(Bar 4.2 EXACT)

in order to get a version of package Foo that is compatible with version 1.2 and exactly package Bar version 4.2. CMake does not attempt to define any convention for the compatibility or exactness of version numbers for a package. It also does not try to map the version number to a directory or file name. Instead packages must provide "version" files next to their package configuration files. This allows maximum flexibility for project authors and package maintainers.

A package version file is placed next to the package configuration file. Its name matches that of the configuration file but has either "-version" or "Version" appended to the name before the ".cmake" extension. For example, the files

<prefix>/lib/foo-1.3/foo-config.cmake
<prefix>/lib/foo-1.3/foo-config-version.cmake

and

<prefix>/lib/bar-4.2/BarConfig.cmake
<prefix>/lib/bar-4.2/BarConfigVersion.cmake

are each pairs of package configuration files and corresponding version files. When the find_package command finds a candidate package configuration file it looks next to it for a version file. The version file is loaded to test whether the package version is an acceptable match for the version requested. If the version file claims compatibility the configuration file is accepted. Otherwise it is ignored.

When the find_package command loads a version file it first sets the following variables:

CMake 2.6.2 and Above

CMake 2.6.0 and 2.6.1

PACKAGE_FIND_NAME = the <package> name PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION = full requested version string PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_MAJOR = major version if requested, else 0 PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_MINOR = minor version if requested, else 0 PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_PATCH = patch version if requested, else 0 PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_TWEAK = tweak version if requested, else 0 PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_COUNT = number of version components, 0 to 4

PACKAGE_FIND_NAME = the <package> name PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION = full requested version string PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_MAJOR = requested major version, if any PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_MINOR = requested minor version, if any PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_PATCH = requested patch version, if any

The version file must use these variables to check whether it is compatible or an exact match for the requested version. It sets the following variables with results:

PACKAGE_VERSION            = full provided version string
PACKAGE_VERSION_EXACT      = true if version is exact match
PACKAGE_VERSION_COMPATIBLE = true if version is compatible
PACKAGE_VERSION_UNSUITABLE = true if unsuitable as any version (CMake >= 2.6.3)

For example, foo-config-version.cmake might contain

set(PACKAGE_VERSION 1.3)
if("${PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_MAJOR}" EQUAL 1)
  set(PACKAGE_VERSION_COMPATIBLE 1) # compatible with any version 1.x
  if("${PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_MINOR}" EQUAL 3)
    set(PACKAGE_VERSION_EXACT 1)    # exact match for version 1.3
  endif("${PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_MINOR}" EQUAL 3)
endif("${PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_MAJOR}" EQUAL 1)

if it is compatible with all "1.x" versions of Foo and exactly matches version "1.3". Note that the input variable names all start in "PACKAGE_FIND_" and the output variable names all start in "PACKAGE_". The names are fixed and do not vary with the package name.

Version files are loaded in a nested scope so they are free to set any variables they wish as part of their computation. The find_package command wipes out the scope when the version file has completed and it has checked the output variables. When the version file claims to be an acceptable match for the requested version the find_package command sets the following variables for use by the project:

CMake 2.6.2 and Above	CMake 2.6.0 and 2.6.1
<package>_VERSION = full provided version string <package>_VERSION_MAJOR = major version if provided, else 0 <package>_VERSION_MINOR = minor version if provided, else 0 <package>_VERSION_PATCH = patch version if provided, else 0 <package>_VERSION_TWEAK = tweak version if provided, else 0 <package>_VERSION_COUNT = number of version components, 0 to 4	<package>_VERSION = package version (major[.minor[.patch]]) <package>_VERSION_MAJOR = major from major[.minor[.patch]], if any <package>_VERSION_MINOR = minor from major[.minor[.patch]], if any <package>_VERSION_PATCH = patch from major[.minor[.patch]], if any

The variables report the version of the package that was actually found. The "<package>" part of their name matches the argument given to the find_package command.

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